Multi-site study of communities with PFAS-contaminated drinking water: Methods, demographics, and PFAS serum concentrations

The article presents methods and findings from a multi-site study examining the relationship between PFAS-contaminated drinking water and PFAS levels in residents’ blood across several U.S. communities. PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of synthetic chemicals – often referred to as “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down easily in the environment or the human body. Commonly found in industrial and consumer products, PFAS can accumulate in the bloodstream over time.  The study was conducted in collaboration with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to assess whether communities served by contaminated water utilities showed elevated PFAS concentrations in their serum.

Using a cross-sectional design, the researchers collected blood samples from residents in multiple locations known to have varying levels of PFAS contamination in their water supply. They then compared those serum levels to historical data on PFAS concentrations in the local water systems. The analysis accounted for several demographic and lifestyle factors to isolate the effects of water exposure.

The results showed that median serum levels of several PFAS compounds, particularly PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA, were higher in most of the study communities compared to the national average. These differences varied by site and compound, with some communities showing higher concentrations.

The findings show that residents in the studied communities had elevated PFAS levels, reflecting the known history of contamination in their drinking water systems. The study provides a useful foundation for future research on links between PFAS exposure and health outcomes in both children and adults.